Evaluación de la condición física en poblaciones de 6 a 14 años de México y Cuba

El presente estudio constituye un trabajo trascendente en el área del conocimiento de la condición física y representa el resultado de investigaciones realizadas en la República de Cuba y en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos como respuesta a la solicitud de ambos países. Fue diseñado estadísticamente, para representar datos oficiales y altamente confiables, con el objetivo de conocer el estado de la condición física de las dos naciones y valorar así, el efecto de los programas de Educación Física que se aplican. Se contó con el apoyo de las organizaciones deportivas y de cultura física al conformar los estudios, cuidadosamente tratados en el diseño de muestra, para ello se contó con un equipo de estadísticos especialistas que tuvieron a su cargo el procesamiento de la información. Los datos de este estudio se consideraron limitados para la publicación y una vez desclasificados se dan conocer. Se utilizaron iguales metodologías en su aplicación, lo que resulta una información valiosa para el perfeccionamiento de los planes y programas que en el campo de la Licenciatura en Cultura Física y se brinda una información que, en su comparación, llama a la reflexión de los especialistas de Educación Física, para continuar el perfeccionamiento de estas especialidades, en general.

O presente estudo constitui um trabalho transcendental na área do conhecimento da aptidão física e representa o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada na República de Cuba e nos Estados Unidos Mexicanos em resposta à solicitação de ambos os países. Foi projetado estatisticamente para representar dados oficiais e altamente confiáveis, com o objetivo de conhecer o estado da aptidão física em ambos os países e, assim, avaliar o efeito dos programas de Educação Física aplicados. As organizações esportivas e de cultura física foram apoiadas na elaboração dos estudos, cuidadosamente tratadas no desenho da amostra, com a ajuda de uma equipe de estatísticos especializados que foram responsáveis pelo processamento das informações. Os dados deste estudo foram considerados limitados para publicação e, uma vez desclassificados, são tornados públicos. Foram utilizadas as mesmas metodologias em sua aplicação, o que resulta em informações valiosas para o aprimoramento dos planos e programas no campo da cultura física e fornece informações que, em sua comparação, exigem a reflexão dos especialistas em educação física, a fim de continuar o aprimoramento dessas especialidades em geral.

The present study constitutes a transcendent work in the area of knowledge of physical condition and represents the result of research carried out in the Republic of Cuba and in the United Mexican States in response to the request of both countries. It was designed statistically, to represent official and highly reliable data, with the objective of knowing the state of the physical condition of the two nations and thus evaluating the effect of the Physical Education programs that are applied. It was had the support of sports and physical culture organizations when forming the studies, carefully treated in the sample design, for this it was had a team of specialist statisticians who were in charge of processing the information. The data from this study was considered limited for publication and will be released once declassified. The same methodologies were used in its application, which is valuable information for the improvement of plans and programs in the field of the Bachelor's Degree in Physical Culture and information is provided that, in comparison, calls for reflection by specialists. of Physical Education, to continue the improvement of these specialties, in general.

Prediction of soil seed bank of piedmont and alluvial environments of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan / Predição do banco de sementes do solo do piemonte e ambientes aluviais de Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Paquistão

Abstract The current focus is on the overall pattern of seed storage present in the fragments of the soil of piedmont and alluvial landscapes of the environment. The present study predicted the seed banks of both soils of alluvial and piedmont zones in different ecological conditions and evaluate the potential of seeds in the restoration of both environments. The composition of the seed bank of soil is mainly affected by the alluvial environment and the structure of cleared area shows that more species of germinating annual grasses and growable seeds with the higher total number. Extant vegetation structures have an important role in the diversity of soil seed reservoirs, whose composition corresponded with the openness of the site. When in situ soil seed bank is recruited, it helps to restore only some components of the plant community in an alluvial environment. In our current research, it was confirmed that seed richness was higher in number at lower elevation (alluvial) than that at high elevation (piedmont). Seed richness showed a significant negative correlation with anions, cations, while significantly positive with altitude that suggests the richness pattern of the overall seed bank of the area is influenced by various environmental factors.

Resumo O foco atual está no padrão geral de armazenamento de sementes presente nos fragmentos de solo do Piemonte e nas paisagens aluviais do meio ambiente. O presente estudo previu os bancos de sementes de ambos os solos das zonas aluvial e piemontesa em diferentes condições ecológicas e avaliou o potencial das sementes na restauração de ambos os ambientes. A composição do banco de sementes do solo é afetada principalmente pelo ambiente aluvial e a estrutura da área desmatada mostra que mais espécies de gramíneas anuais em germinação e sementes cultiváveis ​​apresentam o maior número total. As estruturas da vegetação existente têm um papel importante na diversidade dos reservatórios de sementes do solo, cuja composição correspondeu à abertura do local. Quando o banco de sementes do solo in situ é recrutado, o mesmo ajuda a restaurar apenas alguns componentes da comunidade de plantas em um ambiente aluvial. Em nossa pesquisa atual, foi confirmado que a riqueza de sementes era maior em número em altitudes mais baixas (aluviais) do que em altitudes elevadas (Piemonte). A riqueza de sementes mostrou uma correlação negativa significativa com ânions, cátions, enquanto significativamente positiva com a altitude, o que sugere que o padrão de riqueza do banco geral de sementes da área é influenciado por vários fatores ambientais.

Predicting the outcome of death by CALL Score in COVID-19 patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the CALL Score tool in predicting the death outcome in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A total of 897 patients were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between characteristics of the CALL Score and the occurrence of death. The relationship between CALL Score risk classification and the occurrence of death was also examined. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to identify optimal cutoff points for the CALL Score and the outcome. RESULTS: The study revealed that age>60 years, DHL>500, and lymphocyte count ≤1000 emerged as independent predictors of death. Higher risk classifications of the CALL Score were associated with an increased likelihood of death. The optimal CALL Score cutoff point for predicting the death outcome was 9.5 (≥9.5), with a sensitivity of 70.4%, specificity of 80.3%, and accuracy of 80%. CONCLUSION: The CALL Score showed promising discriminatory ability for death outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Age, DHL level, and lymphocyte count were identified as independent predictors. Further validation and external evaluation are necessary to establish the robustness and generalizability of the CALL Score in diverse clinical settings.

An emergency room influx and trauma cases prediction in a Brazilian ophthalmological hospital by an ophthalmologist without code experience / Predição do influxo de atendimentos e casos de trauma em um serviço de urgência oftalmológico brasileiro realizado por um oftalmologista sem experiência em programação

ABSTRACT Purpose: The emergency medical service is a fundamental part of healthcare, albeit crowded emergency rooms lead to delayed and low-quality assistance in actual urgent cases. Machine-learning algorithms can provide a smart and effective estimation of emergency patients' volume, which was previously restricted to artificial intelligence (AI) experts in coding and computer science but is now feasible by anyone without any coding experience through auto machine learning. This study aimed to create a machine-learning model designed by an ophthalmologist without any coding experience using AutoML to predict the influx in the emergency department and trauma cases. Methods: A dataset of 356,611 visits at Hospital da Universidade Federal de São Paulo from January 01, 2014 to December 31, 2019 was included in the model training, which included visits/day and the international classification disease code. The training and prediction were made with the Amazon Forecast by 2 ophthalmologists with no prior coding experience. Results: The forecast period predicted a mean emergency patient volume of 216.27/day in p90, 180.75/day in p50, and 140.35/day in p10, and a mean of 7.42 trauma cases/ day in p90, 3.99/day in p50, and 0.56/day in p10. In January of 2020, there were a total of 6,604 patient visits and a mean of 206.37 patients/day, which is 13.5% less than the p50 prediction. This period involved a total of 199 trauma cases and a mean of 6.21 cases/day, which is 55.77% more traumas than that by the p50 prediction. Conclusions: The development of models was previously restricted to data scientists' experts in coding and computer science, but transfer learning autoML has enabled AI development by any person with no code experience mandatory. This study model showed a close value to the actual 2020 January visits, and the only factors that may have influenced the results between the two approaches are holidays and dataset size. This is the first study to apply AutoML in hospital visits forecast, showing a close prediction of the actual hospital influx.

RESUMO Objetivo: Esse estudo tem como objetivo criar um modelo de Machine Learning por um oftalmologista sem experiência em programação utilizando auto Machine Learning predizendo influxo de pacientes em serviço de emergência e casos de trauma. Métodos: Um dataset de 366,610 visitas em Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de São Paulo de 01 de janeiro de 2014 até 31 de dezembro de 2019 foi incluído no treinamento do modelo, incluindo visitas/dia e código internacional de doenças. O treinamento e predição foram realizados com o Amazon Forecast por dois oftalmologistas sem experiência com programação. Resultados: O período de previsão estimou um volume de 206,37 pacientes/dia em p90, 180,75 em p50, 140,35 em p10 e média de 7,42 casos de trauma/dia em p90, 3,99 em p50 e 0,56 em p10. Janeiro de 2020 teve um total de 6.604 pacientes e média de 206,37 pacientes/dia, 13,5% menos do que a predição em p50. O período teve um total de 199 casos de trauma e média de 6,21 casos/dia, 55,77% mais casos do que a predição em p50. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de modelos era restrito a cientistas de dados com experiencia em programação, porém a transferência de ensino com a tecnologia de auto Machine Learning permite o desenvolvimento de algoritmos por qualquer pessoa sem experiencia em programação. Esse estudo mostra um modelo com valores preditos próximos ao que ocorreram em janeiro de 2020. Fatores que podem ter influenciados no resultado foram feriados e tamanho do banco de dados. Esse é o primeiro estudo que aplicada auto Machine Learning em predição de visitas hospitalares com resultados próximos aos que ocorreram.

Evidence of validity of the Smoking Cessation Counseling scale - Brazilian version / Evidencias de validez de la escala Smoking Cessation Counseling - versión brasileña / Evidências de validade da escala Smoking Cessation Counseling - versão brasileira

Objective: to evaluate the evidence of validity of the internal structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Smoking Cessation Counseling instrument Method: psychometric study of confirmatory factor analysis and reliability carried out on 250 nurses in clinical practice. For the analysis of the convergent validity of the factor model, Average Variance Extracted values were calculated, and discriminant analysis was carried out using the Fornell-Larcker criterion. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability Results: it was necessary to exclude seven items from the Advanced Counseling domain and one item from the Basic Counseling domain in order to properly obtain the Average Variance Extracted values and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. The composite reliability ranged from 0.76 to 0.86 and the overall Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was 0.86, ranging from 0.53 to 0.84 depending on the domain assessed. The final version of the instrument was made up of 16 items divided into 4 domains Conclusion: the Brazilian version of Smoking Cessation Counseling obtained adequate psychometric evidence of validity and reliability. Further studies are needed to refine the instrument.

Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias de validez de la estructura interna y de la confiabilidad de la versión brasileña del instrumento Smoking Cessation Counseling. Método: estudio psicométrico de análisis factorial confirmatorio y de confiabilidad realizado en 250 enfermeras de la práctica clínica. Para el análisis de la validez convergente del modelo factorial se calcularon valores de Average Variance Extracted, el análisis discriminante se realizó mediante el criterio de Fornell-Larcker. La confiabilidad se examinó por el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach y por la confiabilidad compuesta. Resultados: fue necesaria la exclusión de siete ítems del dominio de Asesoramiento avanzado y un ítem del dominio Asesoramiento básico para obtener adecuadamente los valores de Average Variance Extracted y del criterio de Fornell-Larcker. La confiabilidad compuesta varió de 0,76 a 0,86 y el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach global alcanzado fue de 0,86, variando de 0,53 a 0,84 dependiendo del dominio evaluado. Se obtuvo la versión final del instrumento compuesto de 16 ítems distribuidos en 4 dominios. Conclusión: la versión brasileña de Smoking Cessation Counseling obtuvo adecuadas evidencias psicométricas de validez y confiabilidad. Estudios posteriores serán necesarios para el refinamiento del instrumento.

Objetivo: avaliar as evidências de validade da estrutura interna e da confibialidade da versão brasileira do instrumento Smoking Cessation Counseling Método: estudo psicométrico de análise fatorial confirmatória e de confiabilidade realizado em 250 enfermeiras da prática clínica. Para a análise da validade convergente do modelo fatorial foram calculados valores de Average Variance Extracted , a análise discriminante foi realizada pelo critério de Fornell-Larcker. A confiabilidade foi examinada pelo coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach e pela confiabilidade composta Resultados: foi necessária a exclusão de sete itens do domínio de Aconselhamento avançado e um item do domínio Aconselhamento básico para obtenção adequada dos valores de Average Variance Extracted e do critério de Fornell-Larcker. A confiabilidade composta variou de 0,76 a 0,86 e o coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach global alcançado foi de 0,86, variando de 0,53 a 0,84 a depender do domínio avaliado. Obteve-se a versão final do instrumento composto de 16 itens distribuídos em quatro domínios Conclusão: a versão brasileira da Smoking Cessation Counseling obteve adequadas evidências psicométricas de validade e de confiabilidade. Estudos posteriores serão necessários para o refinamento do instrumento.

Is the Bland-Altman plot method useful without inferences for accuracy, precision, and agreement?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose a comprehensive alternative to the Bland-Altman plot method, addressing its limitations and providing a statistical framework for evaluating the equivalences of measurement techniques. This involves introducing an innovative three-step approach for assessing accuracy, precision, and agreement between techniques, which enhances objectivity in equivalence assessment. Additionally, the development of an R package that is easy to use enables researchers to efficiently analyze and interpret technique equivalences. METHODS Inferential statistics support for equivalence between measurement techniques was proposed in three nested tests. These were based on structural regressions with the goal to assess the equivalence of structural means (accuracy), the equivalence of structural variances (precision), and concordance with the structural bisector line (agreement in measurements obtained from the same subject), using analytical methods and robust approach by bootstrapping. To promote better understanding, graphical outputs following Bland and Altman's principles were also implemented. RESULTS The performance of this method was shown and confronted by five data sets from previously published articles that used Bland and Altman's method. One case demonstrated strict equivalence, three cases showed partial equivalence, and one showed poor equivalence. The developed R package containing open codes and data are available for free and with installation instructions at Harvard Dataverse at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AGJPZH. CONCLUSION Although easy to communicate, the widely cited and applied Bland and Altman plot method is often misinterpreted, since it lacks suitable inferential statistical support. Common alternatives, such as Pearson's correlation or ordinal least-square linear regression, also fail to locate the weakness of each measurement technique. It may be possible to test whether two techniques have full equivalence by preserving graphical communication, in accordance with Bland and Altman's principles, but also adding robust and suitable inferential statistics. Decomposing equivalence into three features (accuracy, precision, and agreement) helps to locate the sources of the problem when fixing a new technique.

Exploring the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of quality of life among older people: A cross-sectional and analytical study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although studies have examined the relationship between variables associated with active aging and quality of life (QoL), no studies have been identified to have investigated the effect of a structural model of active aging on QoL in a representative sample of older people in the community. OBJECTIVE: To measure the domains and facets of QoL in older people and identify the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of QoL. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional analytical study included 957 older people living in urban areas. Data were collected from households using validated instruments between March and June 2018. Descriptive, confirmatory factor, and structural equation modeling analyses were performed. RESULTS: Most older people self-rated their QoL as good (58.7%), and the highest mean scores were for the social relationships domain (70.12 ± 15.4) and the death and dying facet (75.43 ± 26.7). In contrast, the lowest mean scores were for the physical domains (64.41 ± 17.1) and social participation (67.20 ± 16.2) facets. It was found that active aging explained 50% of the variation in self-assessed QoL and directly and positively affected this outcome (λ = 0.70; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Active aging had a direct and positive effect on the self-assessment of QoL, indicating that the more individuals actively aged, the better the self-assessment of QoL.

Isotemporal substitution analysis of time between sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity on depressive symptoms in older adults: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Compared to young individuals, older adults participate more in sedentary behavior (SB) and less in physical activity (PA). These behaviors are associated with numerous adverse health factors. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the hypothetical effects of substituting time spent sleeping, performing SB, and performing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on depressive symptomatology in older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: An analytical cross-sectional study employing exploratory survey methods was conducted in the city of Alcobaça in the state of Bahia, Brazil METHODS: The study included 473 older adults who answered a structured questionnaire during an interview. Exposure time to SB and PA level were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and depressive symptoms were analyzed using the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale. An isotemporal replacement model was used to evaluate the effects of different SB sessions on depressive symptomatology. RESULTS: An increase in the risk of depressive symptoms was observed when MVPA and sleep time were substituted for the same SB time at all times tested, with maximum values of 40% and 20%, respectively. Opposite substitution of MVPA and sleep time increments reduced the risk of depressive symptomatology by 28% and 17%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that replacing SB with the same amount of sleep or MVPA may reduce depressive symptoms. The longer the reallocation time, the greater are the benefits.

Dietary patterns and socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related behaviors during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The identification and understanding of dietary factors and other characteristics that influence gestational weight gain can contribute to the formulation of strategies to promote healthy eating habits before and during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between dietary patterns, sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, and health-related behaviors in pregnant women. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted on women undergoing prenatal care in the Unified Health System of Colombo, Paraná, Brazil, from February 2018 to September 2019. METHOD: A weekly food frequency questionnaire was administered, and dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis. Median regression models were constructed to identify the associations between dietary pattern scores and variables. RESULTS: Complete data were obtained from 495 pregnant women. Three dietary patterns were identified: 1) "healthy," with higher factor loadings for the weekly consumption of raw vegetables, cooked vegetables, and fresh fruits; 2) "Western," including soft drinks or artificial juice, candies, milk, and dairy products, and processed cold meat; and 3) "traditional," beans and meat. Pregnant women aged 30 years or older (coefficient [Coef.] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-1.33) with moderate/intense physical activity (Coef. 0.32, 95% CI 0.02-0.62) had higher adherence to the "healthy" pattern. Adolescents and smokers adhered more to the "traditional" pattern (Coef. 0.17, 95% CI 0.01-0.33). CONCLUSION: Age, smoking status, and physical activity were associated with dietary patterns in pregnant women.

Prediction of soil seed bank of piedmont and alluvial environments of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract The current focus is on the overall pattern of seed storage present in the fragments of the soil of piedmont and alluvial landscapes of the environment. The present study predicted the seed banks of both soils of alluvial and piedmont zones in different ecological conditions and evaluate the potential of seeds in the restoration of both environments. The composition of the seed bank of soil is mainly affected by the alluvial environment and the structure of cleared area shows that more species of germinating annual grasses and growable seeds with the higher total number. Extant vegetation structures have an important role in the diversity of soil seed reservoirs, whose composition corresponded with the openness of the site. When in situ soil seed bank is recruited, it helps to restore only some components of the plant community in an alluvial environment. In our current research, it was confirmed that seed richness was higher in number at lower elevation (alluvial) than that at high elevation (piedmont). Seed richness showed a significant negative correlation with anions, cations, while significantly positive with altitude that suggests the richness pattern of the overall seed bank of the area is influenced by various environmental factors.

Resumo O foco atual está no padrão geral de armazenamento de sementes presente nos fragmentos de solo do Piemonte e nas paisagens aluviais do meio ambiente. O presente estudo previu os bancos de sementes de ambos os solos das zonas aluvial e piemontesa em diferentes condições ecológicas e avaliou o potencial das sementes na restauração de ambos os ambientes. A composição do banco de sementes do solo é afetada principalmente pelo ambiente aluvial e a estrutura da área desmatada mostra que mais espécies de gramíneas anuais em germinação e sementes cultiváveis apresentam o maior número total. As estruturas da vegetação existente têm um papel importante na diversidade dos reservatórios de sementes do solo, cuja composição correspondeu à abertura do local. Quando o banco de sementes do solo in situ é recrutado, o mesmo ajuda a restaurar apenas alguns componentes da comunidade de plantas em um ambiente aluvial. Em nossa pesquisa atual, foi confirmado que a riqueza de sementes era maior em número em altitudes mais baixas (aluviais) do que em altitudes elevadas (Piemonte). A riqueza de sementes mostrou uma correlação negativa significativa com ânions, cátions, enquanto significativamente positiva com a altitude, o que sugere que o padrão de riqueza do banco geral de sementes da área é influenciado por vários fatores ambientais.

Research on Material Basis of Homologous and Heterogeneous Effect of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus Based on Total Statistical Moment Analysis and Molecular Connectivity Index / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the material basis of homologous and heterogeneous effect of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus（AFI） and Aurantii Fructus（AF） based on the total statistical moment analysis and molecular connectivity index（MCI）. MethodRelevant literature at home and abroad and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP） were consulted to establish the chemical composition database of AFI and AF， and set up their fingerprints by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the total statistical moments and similarity parameters of the fingerprint were calculated. According to MCI， all components of AFI and AF were divided into different component groups， the average values of 0-8th order（0χ-8χ） MCI of the common component groups of AFI and AF were calculated. ResultThe values of total zero-order moment（AUCT） of AFI and AF were （10.57±2.45）×106， （5.09±0.89）×106 μV·s， the values of total first-order moment（MCRTT） were （11.57±1.58）， （12.10±1.29） min， the values of total second-order moments（VCRTT） were（24.49±2.30）， （26.49±2.54） min2， respectively. It showed that qualitative and quantitative parameters of AFI and AF were significantly different. The components with high similarity such as neohesperidin， hesperidin and narirutin were screened as the common potential pharmacodynamic components of AFI and AF. The non-common components of AFI， such as alysifolinone and imperatorin， and the non-common components of AF， such as neoeriocitrin and isosakuranin， with high similarity were screened out as potential heterogeneous components of AFI and AF. The composition groups of AFI and AF were classified into six categories， and the similarities between the composition groups of AFI and AF and the total constituents were 0.872-0.979 and 0.918-0.997， the average values of 0χ-8χ MCI of alkaloids in AFI and AF were 3.65 and 3.14， the average values of 0χ-8χ MCI of flavonoids were 8.47 and 8.47， the average values of 0χ-8χ MCI of volatile oils were 2.71 and 3.48， respectively. It showed that there were some differences in MCI of chemical constituents（groups） between AFI and AF. ConclusionThe chemical constituents（groups） of AFI and AF not only differ in content and species， but also in structural characteristics and structure-activity relationship， which can provide a basis for further explaining the scientific connotation of homologous and heterogeneous effect of AFI and AF.

Los determinantes de la estancia hospitalaria en un hospital universitario de alta complejidad

Objetivo: Establecer y cuantificar los determinantes de la estancia hospitalaria en un hospital universitario de Medellín de alta complejidad de Medellín, entre 2013 y 2018, valorar su importancia y modelar la estancia esperada. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo de datos agregados. Siguiendo el método paso a paso, se corrieron siete modelos con estancia hospitalaria media como variable dependiente y las respectivas variables independientes: complejidad, oportunidad de apoyos diagnósticos, disponibilidad de insumos, casos de estancia prolongada y capacidad financiera. Se seleccionó el mejor modelo usando los criterios de ajuste Akaike e información Bayesiana, junto con las medidas de significancia global y significancia individual de los coeficientes. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de validez del modelo y se calcularon los coeficientes estandarizados. Resultados: Los valores medios de las variables más relevantes y su desviación estándar (de) fueron: estancia hospitalaria media, 8,09 días (de = 0,40); complejidad por consumo de recursos, 1,28 unidades (de = 0,07); apoyos diagnósticos, 90,74 mil estudios (de = 10,05); casos de estancia extrema, 4,36 % (de = 0,70), y complejidad por casuística, 1 (de = 0,03). Significancia global F = 55,2, p< 0,001. Significancia de los coeficientes: complejidad por consumo de recursos, p< 0,01; apoyos diagnósticos y casos de estancia extrema, p< 0,001; complejidad por casuística, p< 0,05. Coeficientes estandarizados: complejidad por consumo de recursos, 0,35; apoyos diagnósticos, 0,35; casos de estancia extrema, 0,26, y complejidad por casuística, 0,24. R2 ajustado 0,82. Conclusión: Los determinantes de la estancia hospitalaria en orden de importancia son: complejidad por consumo de recursos, apoyos diagnósticos, casos de estancia extrema, complejidad por casuística, inventario disponible y ganancias brutas.

Objective: To establish and quantify the determinants of hospital stay in a high complexity university hospital in Medellin between 2013 and 2018, assess their importance, and model the expected length of stay. Methodology: Retrospective analytical observational study of aggregate data. While following the method step by step, seven models were used, where mean hospital stay was the dependent variable and the respective independent variables were complexity, timeliness of diagnostic procedures, availability of supplies, cases of prolonged stay and financial capacity. The best model was selected using the Akaike and Bayesian information criterion, along with measures of both overall significance and individual significance of the coefficients. Statistical tests of model validity were performed and standardized coefficients were calculated. Results: The mean values of the most relevant variables and their standard deviation (SD) were: mean hospital stay, 8.09 days (SD = 0.40); complexity by resource consumption, 1.28 units (SD = 0.07); diagnostic procedures, 90.74 thousand studies (SD = 10.05); cases of extremely prolonged stay, 4.36% (SD = 0.70), and complexity by casuistry, 1 (SD = 0.03). Overall significance: F = 55.2, p < 0.001. Significance of coefficients: complexity by resource consumption, p < 0.01; diagnostic procedures and cases of extremely prolonged stay, p < 0.001; complexity by casuistry, p < 0.05. Standardized coefficients: complexity by resource consumption, 0.35; diagnostic procedures, 0.35; cases of extremely prolonged stay, 0.26; and complexity by casuistry, 0.24. Adjusted R2 0.82. Conclusion: In order of importance, the determinants of hospital stay are complexity by resource consumption, diagnostic procedures, extremely prolonged stay, complexity by casuistry, available inventory and gross profit.

Objetivo: Estabelecer e quantificar os determinantes da permanência hospitalar em um hospital universitário de alta complexidade de Medellín, entre 2013 e 2018, valorar sua importância e fazer a modelação da permanência esperada. Metodologia: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo de dados agregados. Seguindo o método passo a passo, foram aplicados sete modelos com permanência hospitalar média como variável dependente e as respectivas variáveis independentes: complexidade, oportunidade de apoios diagnósticos, disponibilidade de insumos, casos de permanência prolongada e capacidade financeira. Selecionou-se o melhor modelo usando os critérios de ajuste Akaike e informação Bayesiana, junto com as medidas de significância individual dos coeficientes. Realizaram-se provas estatísticas de validade do modelo e calcularam-se os coeficientes padronizados. Resultados: Os valores médios das variáveis mais relevantes e seu desvio-padrão (DP) foram: permanência hospitalar média, 8.09 dias (DP = 0,40); complexidade por consumo de recursos, 1,28 unidades (DP = 0,07); apoios diagnósticos, 90,74 mil estudos (DP = 10,05); casos de permanência extrema, 4,36 % (DP = 0,70), e complexidade por casuística, 1 (DP = 0,03). Significância global F = 55,2, p < 0,001. Significância dos coeficientes: complexidade por consumo de recursos, p < 0,01; apoios diagnósticos e casos de permanência extrema p < 0,001; complexidade por casuística, p < 0,05. Coeficientes padronizados: complexidade por consumo de recursos, 0,35; apoios diagnósticos, 0,35; casos de permanência extrema, 0,26 e complexidade por casuística, 0,24. R2 ajustado 0,82. Conclusão: Os determinantes da permanência hospitalar em ordem de importância são: complexidade por consumo de recursos, apoios diagnósticos, casos de permanência extrema, complexidade por casuística, inventário disponível e lucros brutos.

Adaptación y resultados psicométricos de una escala de actitudes hacia la estadística entre estudiantes de pregrado en salud pública

Introducción: Al considerar que, en asignaturas como la estadística, aspectos afectivos pueden determinar el logro de los objetivos de aprendizaje, este estudio se propuso establecer la validez de contenido y de constructo de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Estadística. Métodos: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal, tipo validación de escalas. Participaron 250 estudiantes de pregrado de áreas de la salud. Se analizó validez de contenido mediante juicio de expertos, validez de constructo con análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Resultados: En la validación de contenido, todos los ítems obtuvieron calificaciones superiores a 3 (escala de 1-4), con óptimo acuerdo interjueces ( > 0,5). Alfa de Cronbach de 0,865. Con el análisis factorial exploratorio, se eliminaron 6/25 ítems. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio reportaron un índice de ajuste comparativo adecuado y coeficiente de TuckerLewis aceptable. La raíz cuadrada de la media del error de aproximación (RMSEA) también fue aceptable (entre 0,05 y 0,08), la raíz cuadrada media residual estandarizada (SRMR) señaló un buen ajuste (< 0,08). Los ítems se agruparon en 3 factores: valoración positiva de la estadística, agrado y habilidades en estadística, valoración negativa de la estadística. Conclusión: La Escala de Actitudes hacia la Estadística, validada en población colombiana, es una herramienta de apoyo en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la estadística; puede ser utilizada al inicio, durante el seguimiento o al final de asignaturas que involucren la estadística.

Introduction: Considering that, in subjects such as statistics, affective aspects can determine the achievement of learning objectives, this study set out to establish the content and construct validity of the Scale of Attitudes towards Statistics. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of scale validation type. 250 undergraduate students from health-related areas participated. Content validity was analyzed by expert judgment, construct validity with exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory. Results: In the content validation, all the items obtained scored higher than 3 (scale of 1-4), with optimal inter-judge agreement (> 0,5). Cronbach's alpha of 0,865. With the exploratory factor analysis 6/25 items were eliminated. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis reported an adequate Comparative Fit Index and acceptable Tucker-Lewis Index. The Root Mean Square Residual Error of Approximation was also acceptable (between 0,05 and 0,08), the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual indicated a good fit (< 0,08). The items were grouped into 3 factors: positive assessment of the statistics, liking and skills in statistics, negative assessment of the statistics. Conclusion: The Scale of Attitudes towards Statistics, validated in the Colombian population, is a support tool in the teaching-learning process of statistics; it can be used at the beginning, during follow-up or at the end of subjects that involve statistics.

Validez de las reglas de un análisis estadístico implicativo según juicio de expertos

Introducción: una nueva metodología para el empleo del análisis estadístico implicativo contextualizado a las investigaciones médicas de causalidad brinda reglas y meta-reglas que deben corresponderse con la práctica médica, lo cual se desconoce. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de las reglas derivadas de la aplicación del análisis estadístico implicativo en las investigaciones médicas de causalidad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional con la aplicación de técnicas cualitativas de tipo criterio de expertos. Los 33 expertos de mayor puntuación emitieron su juicio, mediante una escala Likert de cinco puntos, acerca de la frecuencia con que se cumplen en la práctica médica 23 reglas derivadas de la aplicación del análisis estadístico implicativo en tres estudios para la identificación de factores pronósticos en cáncer de mama. Las opiniones se procesaron mediante el método Delphi en dos rondas y se trianguló con la validez racional de estas reglas. Resultados: los expertos consideraron que cerca del 74 % de las reglas se cumplen en la práctica médica siempre o frecuentemente y sólo una regla resultó absurda. En la segunda ronda se trataron las tres reglas en las que no existió un acuerdo perfecto, en la cual se ratificó una regla como absurda y aumentó el nivel de acuerdo. La triangulación permitió encontrar contradicciones literatura-experto que facilitaron la identificación de problemas en la redacción de la interpretación de las reglas. Conclusiones: las reglas evaluadas reflejan, en general, lo que ocurre en la práctica médica y aquellas que resultan absurdas alertan al investigador sobre un posible sesgo de confusión.

Introduction: A new methodology for the use of contextualized statistical implicative analysis in causality medical research provides rules and meta-rules that must correspond to medical practice, which is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the quality of the rules derived from the application of the statistical implicative analysis in causality medical research. Methods: An observational study was carried out applying qualitative techniques based on expert judgement. Using a five-point Likert scale, the 33 experts with the highest score expressed their judgment about the frequency of the fulfilment of the 23 rules derived from the application of the statistical implicative analysis in three studies in order to identify prognostic factors for breast cancer. Opinions were processed using the two-round Delphi method, and the rational validity of these rules was triangulated. Results: The experts considered that about 74% of the rules are always or frequently followed in medical practice; only one rule was absurd. In the second round, the three rules in which there was no perfect agreement were discussed; one rule was ratified as absurd and there was an increase in the level of agreement. The triangulation allowed us to find contradictions between literature and experts, which facilitated the identification of problems in the drafting of the interpretation of the rules. Conclusions: The rules evaluated generally reflect what happens in medical practice and those that are absurd warn the researcher about the possibility of a confusion bias.

Validez de apariencia y racionalidad de una metodología para estudiar la causalidad en salud / Appearance and rational validity of a methodology to study causality in health

Introducción: Es objetivo fundamental de la medicina, determinar las causas que producen las enfermedades; para llevar a cabo este estudio, a finales del siglo XX se emplearon técnicas estadísticas multivariadas confiables en el análisis simultáneo de diferentes variables independientes sobre un desenlace. Objetivo: Determinar la aplicación de la validez racional y de apariencia en la metodología empleada para el estudio de la causalidad en salud. Métodos: Para evaluar si la metodología se correspondía con los requerimientos de la investigación, se aplicó la validez de apariencia para valorar los resultados obtenidos en su aplicación, específicamente, si las reglas reflejan verazmente, lo que ocurre en la práctica médica, mediante el empleo de la validez racional. Resultados: Los usuarios potenciales de la metodología la consideraron aceptable en los aspectos medidos sobre la regresión logística binaria. El mayor porcentaje de las reglas analizadas está en correspondencia con lo planteado en la literatura, pocas plantean aspectos que no se dan necesariamente en la práctica médica, pero tampoco se contradicen con la literatura. Los resultados de la validez de apariencia no fueron favorables, pues la metodología no había sido empleada antes en el contexto. En cuanto a la validez racional, se verificó un alto porcentaje de correspondencia entre lo planteado por las reglas y la literatura. Es importante tener en cuenta, que el hallazgo de algo conocido reafirma la validez de esa regla. Conclusiones: Las reglas obtenidas de la aplicación de la metodología reflejan, en general, lo que ocurre en la práctica médica.

Introduction: the fundamental objective of medicine is to determine the causes that produce diseases. At the end of the 20th century, multivariate statistical techniques were used as reliable in the simultaneous analysis of different independent variables on an outcome. Objective: to determine the application of appearance and rational validity of a methodology to study causality in health. Methods: to evaluate whether the methodology corresponded to the research requirements, appearance validity was applied to assess the results obtained in its application, specifically, if the rules accurately reflect what happens in medical practice, through the use of rational validity. Results: the potential users of the methodology considered it acceptable in the measured aspects of the binary logistic regression. The highest percentage of the rules analyzed is in correspondence with what is stated in the literature; few raise aspects that do not necessarily occur in medical practice, but they do not contradict the literature either. The results of face validity were not favourable, since the methodology had not been used before in the context. A high percentage of correspondence regarding rational validity was verified between what was stated by the rules and the literature. It is important to note that finding something known reaffirms the validity of that rule. Conclusions: the rules obtained from the application of the methodology reflect, in general, what happens in medical practice.

Use of Research in the Nursing Practice: from Statistical Significance to Clinical Significance / Uso de la investigación en la práctica de enfermería: de la significancia estadística a la significancia clínica / Utilização da pesquisa na prática de enfermagem: da significância estatística à significância clínica

Objective. Within the context of evidence-based practice, this article exposes the reflection on the understanding and usefulness of the information provided by the research findings shared in reports and research publications, exposing differences based on the interpretation of statistical significance and clinical significance. Content synthesis. Basic aspects of the meaning and use of the information reported by research on p value (statistical significance) and the value and usefulness of these results are analyzed and exemplified, contrasting the value for the practice of an additional judgment on clinical significance. In addition to establishing conceptual differences, the need is highlighted for nurses to have the competencies to differentiate and apply each of them according to the clinical contexts of their potential implementation. Conclusion. The real usefulness of research about interventions within the context of nursing care is given by its real application and reach for the practice and benefit for patients. For this to occur, nurses must interpret adequately the information provided by scientific publications and other research reports.

Objetivo. En el contexto de una práctica basada en evidencia, este artículo expone la reflexión sobre la comprensión y utilidad de la información que proveen los hallazgos de investigación reportados en informes y publicaciones de investigación, exponiendo las diferencias a partir de la interpretación de la significancia estadística y significancia clínica. Síntesis del contenido. Se analizan y ejemplifican aspectos básicos sobre el significado y uso de la información que reportan las investigaciones sobre valor p (significancia estadística) y el valor y utilidad de estos resultados contrastando el valor para la práctica de un juicio adicional sobre significancia clínica. Además de establecer diferencias conceptuales, se resalta la necesidad de que las enfermeras tengan las competencias para diferenciar y aplicar cada uno de ellos según los contextos clínicos de su potencial implementación. Conclusión. La real utilidad de la investigación sobre intervenciones en el contexto del cuidado de enfermería está dada por su real aplicación y alcance para la práctica y el beneficio para los pacientes. Para que ello ocurra, las enfermeras deben interpretar adecuadamente la información que proveen las publicaciones científicas y otros reportes de investigación.

Objetivo. No contexto de uma prática baseada em evidências, este artigo apresenta a reflexão sobre a compreensão e utilidade da informação fornecida pelos resultados da investigação relatados em relatórios de investigação e publicações, expondo as diferenças com base na interpretação da significância estatística e da significância clínica. Síntese de conteúdo. Aspectos básicos sobre o significado e uso das informações relatadas pelas pesquisas sobre valor p (significância estatística) e o valor e utilidade desses resultados são analisados e exemplificados, contrastando o valor para a prática de um julgamento adicional sobre significância clínica. Além de estabelecer diferenças conceituais, destaca-se a necessidade de o enfermeiro ter competências para diferenciar e aplicar cada uma delas de acordo com os contextos clínicos de seu potencial implementação. Conclusão. A real utilidade da investigação sobre intervenções no contexto dos cuidados de enfermagem é dada pela sua real aplicação e âmbito de prática e benefício para os pacientes. Para que isso ocorra, os enfermeiros devem interpretar adequadamente as informações fornecidas pelas publicações científicas e outros relatórios de pesquisa.

Uso da modelagem de equações estruturais na compreensão da incapacidade funcional de idosos com catarata autorreferida / Use of structural equation modeling to understand the functional disability of elderly people with self-reported cataract

Objetivo: Verificar as associações diretas e indiretas entre variáveis demográficas, econômicas, biopsicossociais e comportamentais com a incapacidade funcional de idosos com catarata autorreferida. Método: Estudo transversal entre 260 idosos com catarata autorreferida e residentes na área urbana de uma microrregião de saúde de Minas Gerais. A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos domicílios mediante a aplicação de instrumentos validados no Brasil. Procederam-se as análises descritiva e de trajetórias (p<0,05). Resultados: O declínio funcional ocorreu de forma hierárquica. O pior desempenho físico associou-se diretamente à maior incapacidade funcional para as atividades básicas (p= 0,003), instrumentais (p<0,001) e avançadas (p= 0,003) da vida diária. A inatividade física esteve associada diretamente à maior incapacidade funcional para as atividades instrumentais (p<0,001) e avançadas (p<0,001). A menor escolaridade (p= 0,020), o maior número de sintomas depressivos (p<0,001) e o menor escore de apoio social (p<0,001) associaram-se diretamente à maior incapacidade funcional para as atividades avançadas, tal como a maior idade (p= 0,001) para as instrumentais. Observaram-se associações indiretas, mediadas pelo pior desempenho físico, entre o sexo feminino e o maior número de morbidades com a incapacidade funcional para as três atividades da vida diária. Conclusão: Idosos com catarata autorreferida apresentaram comprometimento da capacidade funcional relacionado à idade mais avançada, à baixa escolaridade, ao pior desempenho físico, à inatividade física, à presença de sintomas depressivos e ao menor nível de apoio social.

Objective: To verify the direct and indirect associations between demographic, economic, biopsychosocial and behavioral variables with the functional disability of the elderly with self-reported cataract. Method: Cross-sectional study among 260 elderly people with self- reported cataract and residents in the urban area of ​​a health micro-region in Minas Gerais. Data collection was carried out in the households through the application of instruments validated in Brazil. Descriptive and trajectory analyzes were carried out (p<0.05). Results: The functional decline occurred in a hierarchical manner. The worst physical performance was directly associated with greater functional incapacity for basic (p= 0.003), instrumental (p<0.001) and advanced (p= 0.003) activities of daily living. Physical inactivity was directly associated with greater functional disability for instrumental (p<0.001) and advanced (p<0.001) activities. Lower schooling (p= 0.020), higher number of depressive symptoms (p<0.001) and lower social support score (p<0.001) were directly associated with greater functional incapacity for advanced activities, such as older age (p= 0.001) for the instruments. Indirect associations, mediated by worse physical performance, were observed between females and the highest number of morbidities with functional incapacity for the three activities of daily living. Conclusion: Elderly people with self-reported cataract showed impairment of functional capacity related to older age, low education, worse physical performance, physical inactivity, presence of depressive symptoms and lower level of social support.

Modelos de variables latentes en patrones de alimentación y actividad física en niños/adolescentes: una revisión sistemática / Models of latent variables used for eating and physical activity patterns in children/ adolescents: a systematic review

Introducción. Debido a la poca evidencia sobre el modelamiento de los patrones de alimentación y actividad física (AF), basado en variables latentes, el presente estudio de revisión pretende describir las técnicas estadísticas aplicadas para modelar estos patrones en niños y adolescentes y valorar su calidad metodológica. Materiales y métodos. La búsqueda se realizó en bases de datos electrónicas (Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of science y Cochrane) con las palabras "diet", 'physical activity', children y 'latent variable'. Se incluyeron artículos que utilizaron modelos estadísticos basados en variables latentes para analizar patrones de alimentación y AF en niños y adolescentes sanos, publicados entre 2014­2019, en inglés o español. Resultados. Entre los 27 artículos seleccionados, el Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE) fue el más utilizado (77,78%); seguido del Modelo de Perfil Latente (7,41%), mientras, el restante, 14,81% aplican el Modelo del Factor Común, Modelo Ecológico y el Modelo de Regresión Logística Multinivel. El MEE fue aplicado a 12 de los 16 artículos con enfoque de AF, y en 7 de los 9 artículos con enfoque de Alimentación. El 48,15% de los estudios sí justificaba el uso del modelo, y el 37,04% poseen una calidad "Excelente" (cumplen el 85% o más de los ítems de STROBE). Conclusiones. El MEE fue el más utilizado para abstraer los patrones de AF y alimentación en niños y adolescentes, sin embargo, solo la mitad de los artículos justifica su pertinencia. Las guías de reporte de estudios deberían evaluar la calidad metodológica de los modelos estadísticos aplicados(AU)

Introduction. Due to the limited evidence on the modeling of eating and physical activity (PA) patterns based on latent variables, the present review study aims to describe the statistical techniques applied to model these patterns in children and adolescents and to assess their methodological quality. Materials and methods. The search was performed in electronic databases (Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of science and Cochrane) with the words 'diet', 'physical activity', children and 'latent variable'. We included articles that used statistical models based on latent variables to analyze diet and PA patterns in healthy children and adolescents, published between 2014-2019, in English or Spanish. Results. Among the 27 selected articles, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was the most used (77.78%); followed by the Latent Profile Model (7.41%), while, the remaining 14.81% applied the Common Factor Model, Ecological Model and Multilevel Logistic Regression Model. The SEM was applied to 12 of the 16 articles with PA approach, and in 7 of the 9 articles with eating approach. The 48.15% of studies did justify the use of the model, and 37.04% were classified as "Excellent" quality (meet 85% or more of the STROBE items). Conclusions. The SEM was the most commonly used to model the PA and eating patterns in children and adolescents, however, only half of the articles justify their relevance. Study reporting guidelines should evaluate the methodological quality of the statistical models applied(AU)

Factores de riesgo asociados a la agresividad en adolescentes: diferenciación por sexo

La agresividad se ha reconocido como prevalente en la población adolescente, debido a su carácter impulsivo y de inestabilidad emocional, que también caracteriza a la adolescencia. Ello lleva a la necesidad de conocer la frecuencia y la relación de los factores de riesgo de la agresividad en población adolescente, explorando sus diferencias según sexo. Así, esta investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, transversal de alcance correlacional, estudió la presencia y las relaciones entre la agresividad y sus factores de riesgo en 212 mujeres y 188 hombres adolescentes, entre 12 y 17 años de edad. Para lo cual, se aplicó una ficha de valoración de factores de riesgo y el cuestionario de agresividad premeditada e impulsiva (CAPI-A). Los hallazgos muestran mayor prevalencia de agresividad impulsiva, y la presencia de más relaciones con factores de riesgo en mujeres respecto a los hombres. Los factores de riesgos relevantes en las mujeres son las actitudes hacia la norma, la percepción sobre la agresividad y los sentimientos; en los hombres, las conductas de riesgo y los sentimientos. Esto resulta de utilidad para la comprensión de la agresividad como pauta comportamental, y el diseño de intervenciones preventivas de la agresividad y sus consecuencias.

The aggressiveness has been recognized as prevalent in teenage population due to their impulsive character, with that emotional instability which characterizes adolescence. This conducts to the need of knowing the frequency and the relationship of risk factors of aggressiveness in teenage population, exploring their differences according to sex. Thus, this research of quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional of correlational scope, studied the presence and the relations between aggressiveness and its risk factors in 212 teenage women and 188 teenage men between 12 and 17 years of age. For this, a record card of risk factor evaluation was implemented along with the questionnaire of premediated / impulsive aggressiveness (CAPI-A in Spanish). The findings show a higher prevalence of impulsive aggressiveness and the presence of more relations to risk factors in women than in men. The relevant risk factors in women are the attitudes towards norms, the perception about aggressiveness and the feelings; in men, risk conducts and feelings are the ones to mention. These results useful for the comprehension of aggressiveness as a behavioral pattern, and the design of preventive interventions towards aggressiveness and their consequences.

Guía metodológica: Pertinencia de Datos Poblacionales sobre Discapacidad para la Kinesiología / Methodological Guide: Relevance of Population-based Data on Disability for Physical Therapy

Introducción. El Estudio Nacional de la Discapacidad y Dependencia (ENDIDE) y el III Estudio Nacional de la Discapacidad (ENDISC) son investigaciones de relevancia en Chile que utilizan la estadística para comprender la situación de las personas con discapacidad en el país. Estos estudios recopilan datos cuantitativos y cualitativos sobre la discapacidad, permitiendo obtener información actualizada sobre su prevalencia, tipos de discapacidad, acceso a servicios y barreras enfrentadas. La utilización de la estadística en estos estudios es crucial para identificar necesidades, diseñar políticas inclusivas y evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones en la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad en Chile. Es relevante comprender las metodologías y pertinencia de estos datos para el desarrollo de la kinesiología, según indica la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con discapacidad.

Background. The National Study on Disability and Dependency (ENDIDE) and the III National Study on Disability (ENDISC) are relevant investigations in Chile that use statistics to understand the situation of people with disabilities in the country. These studies collect quantitative and qualitative data on disability, allowing to obtain updated information on its prevalence, types of disability, access to services and barriers faced. The use of statistics in these studies is crucial to identify needs, design inclusive policies and assess the impact of explosions on the quality of life of people with disabilities in Chile. It is important to understand the methodologies and relevance of these data for the development of kinesiology, as indicated by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.